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The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London. It was formed by the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act of 1865 under the leadership of Superintendent Eyre Massey Shaw. It is the second largest of all the fire services in the United Kingdom, after the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service and the fifth-largest in the world (after the Tokyo Fire Department, New York City Fire Department and Paris Fire Brigade) with nearly 5,992 staff, including 5,096 operational firefighters and officers based at 103 fire stations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Who we are )〕 Ron Dobson is the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer; he replaced Ken Knight in 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=London Fire Brigade )〕 Statutory responsibility for the running of the brigade lies with the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2013/14 the LFB handled 171,067 999 emergency calls. Of the calls it mobilised to, 20,934 were fires, including 10,992 that were of a serious nature, making it one of the busiest fire services in the world. In the same period, it received 3,172 hoax calls, the highest number of any UK fire service, but crews were mobilised to only 1,424 of them. As well as firefighting, the LFB also responds to traffic collisions, floods, trapped-in-lift releases, and other incidents such as those involving hazardous materials, as well as major transport accidents. It also conducts emergency planning and performs fire safety inspections and education. It does not provide an ambulance service as this function is performed by the London Ambulance Service as an independent NHS trust, although all LFB firefighters are trained in first aid and all of its fire engines carry first aid equipment, including basic resuscitators. == History == Following a multitude of ad-hoc firefighting arrangements and the Great Fire of London, various insurance companies established firefighting units to fight fires that occurred in buildings that their respective companies insured. As demands grew on the primitive firefighting units they began to co-operate with each other until, on 1 January 1833, the London Fire Engine Establishment was formed under the leadership of James Braidwood.〔(London Fire Brigade: Key dates )〕 With 80 firefighters and 13 fire stations, the unit was still a private enterprise, funded by the insurance companies and as such was responsible mainly for saving material goods from fire. Several large fires, most notably at the Palace of Westminster in 1834〔(London Fire Brigade | History, key dates (Our history) )〕 and warehouses on Tooley Street in 1861,〔〔Tooley Street Fire〕 spurred the insurance companies to lobby the British government to provide the brigade at public expense and management. After due consideration, in 1865 the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act was passed,〔 creating the Metropolitan Fire Brigade under the leadership of Eyre Massey Shaw. In 1904 the brigade was renamed as the London Fire Brigade.〔 The LFB moved into a new headquarters built by Higgs and Hill〔(General introduction', Survey of London: volume 26: Lambeth: Southern area (1956), pp. 1–17. ) Date accessed: 27 March 2010.〕 on the Albert Embankment in Lambeth in 1937, where it remained until 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lambeth: London Fire Brigade... (C) Nigel Cox :: Geograph Britain and Ireland )〕 During the Second World War fire brigades were amalgamated into a single National Fire Service. The separate London Fire Brigade for the County of London was re-established in 1948.〔 With the formation of Greater London in 1965, this absorbed most of the Middlesex Fire Brigade, the borough brigades for West Ham, East Ham and Croydon and parts of the Essex, Hertfordshire, Surrey and Kent brigades.〔 In 1986 the Greater London Council (GLC) was disbanded and a new statutory authority, the London Fire and Civil Defence Authority (LFCDA), was formed to take responsibility for the LFB.〔 The LFCDA was replaced on 3 July 2000 by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=London Fire Brigade )〕 At the same time, the Greater London Authority (GLA) was established to administer the LFEPA and coordinate emergency planning for London. Consisting of the Mayor of London and other elected members, the GLA also takes responsibility for the Metropolitan Police Authority, Transport for London and other functions. In 2007 the LFB vacated its Lambeth headquarters and moved to a site in Southwark. In the same year, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced that Ken Knight had been appointed as the first Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser to the British government.〔Communities and Local Government News Release 099, 24 May 2007, New Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser Appointed〕 Knight was succeeded as LFB Commissioner at that time by Ron Dobson. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「London Fire Brigade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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